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Applications and Effective Use
Level spreaders, as the name implies, are designed to slow down, spread out, and diffuse concentrated stormwater flows. By breaking down the energy associated with high concentrated flows, level spreaders can reduce the negative downstream impacts of such flows on receiving waters.
Properly designed level spreaders will convert concentrated flows into less harmful sheet flows, which are then released into vegetated buffer areas. As the flows pass through these areas, infiltration increases and sediment and nutrients are removed through physical and biological processes.
For Installation, Inspection, Maintenance and Removal
Please request our Stormwater Field Guide and download a preview.
Applications and Effective Use
Drainage composites are designed to facilitate drainage in a high variety of specialized applications. The products feature a high performance three dimensional plastic core and are faced with a protective layer of non woven geotextile fabric. Drainage and filtration occurs first through the protective fabric, and then through voids in the plastic core.
Uses are many and varied. There are products designed for the turf industry that are used widely for athletic field drainage, during golf course construction, around foundations, on green roofs, and under patios and decks. Heavier drainage composites are used on landfills and under and along highways.
The products have proven to be particularly cost effective when compared to traditional drainage treatments such as pipe and stone and French Drains.
Because stone and additional filter fabric do not need to be used, installation costs of drainage composites are significantly lower than traditional treatments.
For Installation, Inspection, Maintenance and Removal
Please request our Stormwater Field Guide and download a preview.
Applications and Effective Use
The impact of high volume stormwater discharges from developed areas has created a demand for effective solutions. The Low Impact Development (LID) movement has put increased pressure on developers to find methods of minimizing the effect of such flows on adjacent property.
Just as impervious surfaces accelerate off site flows, LID dictates that offsite flows should be managed through the installation of solutions that hold discharges as close as possible to historic levels.
Subsurface cubes and chambers are often used to store and retain large volumes of stormwater during and after storm events. The evaluation of such systems requires close scrutiny of installed costs, project life cycle, and maintenance costs.
For Installation, Inspection, Maintenance and Removal
Please request our Stormwater Field Guide and download a preview.
Applications and Effective Use
Increased scrutiny regarding stormwater runoff volume has led to concerns about water quality. Nutrients and pollutants carried by stormwater can have a devastating impact on receiving waters. Manufactured systems are now available to remove such substances prior to release.
The best manufactured systems mimic nature by using a combination of microbes, plant matter and stone to reduce levels of harmful substances such as phosphorus, chromium, zinc and suspended solids. The units are living filters.
Evaluation of the performance of such units is ongoing. In all cases, it is recommended that potential users rely on independent third party testing results during the decision making process.
For Installation, Inspection, Maintenance and Removal
Please request our Stormwater Field Guide and download a preview.
Applications and Effective Use
Aging culverts create a special problem in highway maintenance. Nationally thousands of metal and concrete culverts are failing. Replacement costs are expensive, especially when factoring in road closures and resulting traffic detours. Failed culverts can result in flooding, sink holes or road collapse.
Technology is now available to reline and rehabilitate existing culverts. This alternative eliminates the need for excavation or removal of the existing pipe.
For Installation, Inspection, Maintenance and Removal
Please request our Stormwater Field Guide and download a preview.
Applications and Effective Use
The use of arch culverts has increased significantly due to new regulations regarding fish and wildlife passage. In many cases, existing culvert pipe no longer meets government standards, and arch culverts are installed.
Properly sized arch culverts allow streams to flow through the structures without interruption. As a result, amphibians, invertebrates, fish and mammals can more easily pass through.
For Installation, Inspection, Maintenance and Removal
Please request our Stormwater Field Guide and download a preview.
Site Drainage, by definition, is the movement of water to another area away from the site. For purposes of this manual, we are dealing with standing water on sites caused by poor drainage. Site Drainage measures help prevent the flooding of property, drainage structures, waterways and roadways.
